Companies can engineer and manufacture an infinite quantity of things, cell by cell, from scratch. Supply might no longer be constrained by the availability of raw materials. Microorganisms can, in theory, make many of the things that industrial processes currently manufacture, so syn-bio-the design and engineering of biological systems to create and improve processes and products-offers new ways of producing almost everything that human beings consume, from flavors and fabrics to foods and fuels.

Biology is usually defined as the study of living things and life itself, but syn-bio has turned the science into the manufacturing paradigm of the future. It may be a phenomenon without a commonly accepted appellation, but synthetic biology-or syn-bio, as we call it-has become a disruptive force that is birthing the Bio Economy. Synthetic biology technologies are finally maturing, becoming the way almost anything can be manufactured competitively and sustainably. Businesses must learn to use syn-bio to develop new products and processes, improve existing ones, and reduce costs to remain competitive in the future. Technology, Media, and Telecommunications.Grape tendrils as an inoculum source of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards a review 68 (2015)ĭisease assessment and epidemic monitoring methodology for bunch rot ( Botrytis cinerea) in grapevines Review of the risk factors associated with kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae, Testing efficacy of fungicides against postharvest pathogens of avocado ( Persea americana cv Hass) Suppression of Neonectria ditissima growth on agar by Bacillus-based products Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to fungicides used in New Zealand wine grape spray programmes Resistance of apple and pear rootstocks to Neonectria ditissima and their effect on scion susceptibility The effect of wood age on infection by Neonectria ditissima through artificial wounds on different apple cultivars 70 (2017)Īdvantages and disadvantages of microarrays to study microbial population dynamics a minireview The effect of fungicides on spore germination, mycelial growth and lesion development of Phlyctema vagabunda (syn: Neofabraea alba) (bull’s eye rot of apples)

The ability to rapidly produce copious quantities of conidia and inoculate without wounding facilitates a number of other postharvest control and epidemiology studies. Reliable infection of 66-100% of apples required 14 days of contact. These conidia were placed on water agar, and apple fruit were placed on these spores for at least 5 days for establishment of infections. Growth on corn meal agar resulted in the highest conidial yield, and maximum production was achieved after 5 days. vagabunda did not produce conidia on commonly used potato dextrose agar, or several other tested media. Latency, quiescent infections, bullâ€™s eye rot, â€˜Scilateâ€™/Envyâ„¢, rapid conidial production AbstractĪ method was developed to inoculate and establish infection of detached apple fruit with the bull’s eye rot pathogen, Phlyctema vagabunda (syn: Neofabraea alba), without wounding. Plant & Food Research, Havelock North Research Centre, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, New Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Mt Albert, Auckland 1142, New Zealand

Simple syn